نشریه علوم اجتماعی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 35، بهار و تابستان 1399)

A family is based on a stable and continuous commitment between two opposite genders. This group affect and being affected by different social arena according to a warm interaction. In case the family is not capable of fulfilling its members’ requirements properly, it will face to instability. Sometimes this instability brings about breaking the commitment, I.e. divorce. Nowadays in Iran, a family is faced to different instabilities, one of its consequences is assumed be divorce. Unfortunately, although it has become a serious problem in our society, there are only a limited number of qualitative researches carried out on its reasons as well as its grounds. The present research expresses the reasons for divorce based on actors experiencing it. As a result, the present research has been conducted using grounded theory and through an interview with 6 female and 4 male. After deep interviews and multistage coding, it was attempted to find out an abstract model. Finally, the researcher come up with 180open codes in14 pivotal code s and at the end 3 selective codes of grounds, processes as well as consequences were resulted. Divorce grounds can be stated into two levels of macro and micro:at the macro level it can be due to multi culture and values confusion and at the micro level it can be due to inappropriate choices for marriage. Generally speaking the process comprises of: inappropriate marriage, facing a problem and incapability in solving it, enhancing the problem and its effects on other aspects of their life.

In Iranian society, as in societies such as India, China, and Vietnam, ... the relationship between mother-in-law and bride has always been considered the most sensitive and fragile relationship and has been problematic in the family environment. In this regard, With the aim of phenomenological understanding of the relationship between mother-in-law and bride, using the method of grounded theory and deep semi-structured interview technique, 29 women (from different cities) have studied the direct experience of mother-bride relationship.The data from the interview referred to the central category of "acceptance of my position" in this regard, to a situation in the heart of a society in transition where the definition and position of both roles is faced with the issue of role ambiguity on both sides. The interviews showed that causal factors (categories of support, involvement, domination and self-centeredness, destruction and conspiracy, jealousy and acceptance as a family member) and underlying factors (categories of traditional culture and patriarchy) on this relationship and understanding it Strategies under the influence of intervening factors (categories of financial independence of the parties, level of expectations of the parties, level of education, level of dowry, age, family support, ability to empathize and empathy), from passive to active strategies and based on strategies The parties can have various consequences such as positive consequences such as the establishment of a mother-daughter relationship and a sense of support, a sense of intimacy and negative consequences such as psychological trauma, and the desire for death and punishment.

There is a widespread global focus on social entrepreneurship. However, social entrepreneurship theory is still in the conceptualization stage and at the heart of it is the concept of the recognition of opportunity.The main objective of this study is identifying the factors affecting the recognition of social opportunities for the creation of social value in Iran. The present study is based on the qualitative approach and its strategy is glaserian grounded theory. The statistical society of this study was social entrepreneurship experts and social company founders, who were selected by snowball sampling; 19 were selected as the sample for theoretical saturation and interviewed with them. In the analysis of data in this study, the software package MAXQDA version 10 has been used. Their results of analysis of interviews and coding in two stages of actual coding and the theoretical coding of this indigenous research showed that the four main categories are " motivational factors"; " Knowledge and entrepreneurial capabilities";"personality characteristics of  the social entrepreneur" and "environmental factors" in identifying social opportunities around the" social value creation process " of Iran; The results of this study can address some of the cognitive gaps of social entrepreneurship in Iran and help potential entrepreneurs in identifying opportunities.

In the realm of development, National Development is regarded as a concept indicating the growth of material and spiritual capacities of national system and reaching new levels of intricacy, order and innovation. Studies on "National Communication and Development in Iran" have a significant and effective role in defining the role of media in development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of new communication technologies in Expansion of the dimensions of national development .The statistical population of this study consists of all professors, graduates and students of communication sciences, social sciences and political sciences in Khorasan (Khorasan Razavi, North KhorasanShomali, Southern Khorasan) province with an approximate number of 4000 people. The sample size is 380 people using Morgan Table and the individuals are selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect data. The results of this research show that new technologies (Internet, satellite, and social networks) affect development patterns, with the satellite having the largest and the internet the least impact on the dimensions of national development. The test results also showed that there is a direct relationship between the use of modern technologies and the political and economic dimensions of national development, while there is no significant relationship between the use of these technologies and social and cultural development. The coefficient of determination obtained is also 26 percent, meaning that the independent variables of this research account for a total of 0.26 of changes in dependent variables.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different dimensions of social bonding and tendency to alcohol consumption among students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Quantitative research method and with a survey technique have been done. The statistical population of the present study includes all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 1396-1397, which is 11,280 people. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula (432) and the samples were determined by stratified random sampling after determining the sample size and the population of each faculty. The results showed that among the dimensions of social bonding, only the variable of participation and involvement in society had no significant relationship with the tendency of students to consume alcohol, but the variable of social bonding and its dimensions (attachment and interest in each other, commitment and belief in norms And law enforcement in society) had a significant and inverse relationship with students' tendency to consume alcohol based on Pearson correlation coefficient. And by examining the status of social bonding among students of Mohaghegh Ardabili and using sociological analysis, it was shown to officials and social planners to increase the quality of social bonding among students in relation to reducing social harms. In other words, high social anomalies such as the tendency to consume alcohol indicate a weak social bond among members of that community.

This study aimed to identify the causes and factors, consequences and strategies of divorce reduction in Iran and prioritize it from the perspective of divorce experts. In this study, using the fuzzy Delphi technique, 13 of the divorce investigators identified the most important causes and consequences of divorce in the country and then prioritized the main divorce reduction strategies. "Lack of communication skills (between couples, between family members, and between families)," "The unprecedented rise of women entering the labor market in recent decades has led to their economic independence, and Unhappy with their marital status leads to divorce "As the most important causes of divorce," Mental trauma and socialization of the children of divorce "," Increasing women-headed households "as the most important consequences of divorce in the country of value Was posted. "Preventing Addiction," "Reducing and Controlling Social Injuries Threatening the Family Institution Specifically Addiction, Unemployment, Poverty, Violence, Spouse Abuse, and ... at Community Level" have been the main strategies for reducing divorce in the country, according to experts.

Vipassana meditation is one of the main courses of meditation in Iran. The main purpose of Vipassana's meditation is to control anger, to avoid violence, and to provide peace to its followers. Investigation of such consequences requires scientific study and there is a lack of sociological studies in this field. Accordingly, this research seeks to study of lived experience of Vipassana meditators and the social consequences of meditation with an emphasis on violence. The violence studied includes verbal, physical, symbolic, and systemic violence. Meditators also include people who have spent at least a 10-day Vipassana meditation course. The research methodology was qualitative and the thematic analysis method was used. The sampling method was purposeful and fourteen samples were interviewed. Research results show that Vipassana meditators are divided into two groups in the face of symbolic and systemic violence, the first group perceives these two dimensions of violence and the second group does not perceive it. The first group as well as all the meditators respond to verbal and physical violence in two passive and active ways with their own mechanisms. Vipassana meditators accept the present situation and submit to it. The reason for this is due to Vipassana's teachings about material and spiritual dependence and non-response to pleasures. Intra-group social interactions mediators reduce their bridging social capital. This has made meditators consciously tend to separate from other groups and move towards social isolation

The development of the university depends on the development of the relationships of faculty members and their scientific collaborations. The present study seeks to examine faculty members' experiences of co-authorship as a visible aspect of scholarly collaboration. Qualitative and interpretive phenomenological approach was applied in the study. in collecting data, purposeful sampling was used and data saturation was taken into account. 12 faculty members participated in the study and data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then implemented and analyzed using Smith & Osborne (2004) method and  MAXQDA 2020 software. The results of the study showed that faculty members interpreted their co-authorship experience as a scientific community. They defined the scientific community in two dimensions of inside-organization and for organization. The inside-organization dimensions were reflected in sub-themes consisting synergistic and the social trust and dimensions of for organization were reflected in sub-themes of comprehensive growth of university and developing scientific discourse. Their experiences have shown that these  co-authorships  have raised the level of social capital in the university and at the same time the level of these co-authorships  has been influenced by the university performance and feedback. The present study recommends that, in order to promote co-authorship, developing collaboration contexts at university and the university's attention to qualitative criteria in research should be considered.

Given the importance of entrepreneurship in the development and prosperity of the country's economy, Ecosystem understanding its particular importance. Establishment and development of student entrepreneurship ecosystem as one of the most important factors in turning students into future entrepreneurs, is currently in the spotlight of universities and higher education institutions. After reviewing the researches done on the topics of entrepreneurial ecosystem, limited researches in this field and specifically on the subject of student entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iran and other foreign countries have been done, but this research seeks to identify dimensions and components ‌ Student Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and presenting the Student Entrepreneurship Ecosystem model at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and has been done by content analysis method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with 13 professors and entrepreneurial ecology experts who were selected from a series of purposive sampling methods. Dimensions and components of entrepreneurial ecosystem (74 sub-categories and 9 main dimensions) were identified from the interviews and developed in the form of a conceptual model of content analysis. Based on the findings of the study, the dimensions of the student entrepreneurship ecosystem in this study from the perspective of the interviewees are: support and Protection, education and learning, research and technology, events and communities, policy-making, cultural and Social, laws and regulations, financial resources, institutions, networks and interactions.

During recent decades, modernity and the consequent changes in cultural values ​​in the transition from tradition to modernity have resulted in changes in the youth’s values ​​and attitudes. In recent years, the youth’s attitudes towards marriage have changed dramatically. The present study aims at examining the attitudes of the youth in West Azerbaijan province towards marriage and the factors affecting it. The research method is a survey and the statistical population consists of the citizens of Urmia, Khoy, Miandoab, and Piranshahr, among whom 832 individuals were selected via the multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed via SPSS. The results show that the attitude towards marriage is lower than the average level among the respondents and many youths have negative attitudes towards marriage. As the results of the bivariate correlation show, the variables of individualism (negatively), materialism (negatively), religiosity (positively), authoritarian way of parenting (negatively), absolute freedom of parenting (negatively) and logical authority in parenting (positively) have significant effects on attitudes towards marriage. However, the correlation of socioeconomic status, age, place of birth, and gender with attitudes towards marriage is not significant. Among the mentioned variables, permissive parenting style (-0.39), materialism (-0.37), individualism (-0.31), rational parenting (0.22), and authoritarian parenting (21.21), and religiosity (0.20) had the most effects on marriage attitudes, respectively. Generally speaking, the variables mentioned in the regression model were able to explain 32% of the variations in attitudes towards marriage.